Cambodia’s Rich Heritage: 10 Historical Sites to Explore

Cambodia is a Southeast Asian country that has long been at a crossroads of many foreign influences. Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam bordering and leaving marks on this country. The magnificent Angkor Empire stands behind marvels like Angkor Wat, Angkor Thom, and the Bayon. These temples keep attracting visitors as they introduce to people the remarkable artistic and architectural skills of the Khmer civilization which flourished between the 9^th to 15^th centuries. This article will pack you with information about important Cambodian historical sites that are worth time and exploration.

Angkor Wat

The largest religious complex in the world is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Originally it was dedicated to god Vishnu and later transformed into a Buddhist site.

The name Angkor Wat means “City of Temples”. The temple was built in the 12^th century to use as a state temple as well as the center of Khmer religion and culture. The most important part is the central tower symbolizing Mount Meru, the center of the Hindu universe. Many carvings and bas-reliefs that are present throughout the complex depict Hindu mythology (including the Ramayana and Mahabharata), important historical events, or just the ordinary life of the Khmer people.

The place is easily accessible by car, taxi, bicycle, motorbike, or tuk-tuk from Siem Reap. Another option is to book a guided tour. Before coming prepare yourself and dress respectfully with covered shoulders and knees (essential for entering the central temple).

The archaeological site also features some libraries and galleries where you can adore sculptures and inscriptions. You may also encounter locals who are keen to offer you blessings or sell handmade items.

Angkor Thom

The temple is situated in the same archaeological park as the Angkor Wat. Once “The Great City,” which is the meaning of its name, used to be the capital city of the Khmer Empire and covered around 9 square kilometers.

Important stops to look for include the South Gate which symbolizes the passage from the world of mortals into a divine city. The place has many statues of gods and demons around.

Bayon Temple is the main piece of art showcasing stone faces. 54 towers with 200 smiling faces that are supposed to represent Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara or Jayavarman VII. The temple consists of several levels, galleries and many bas-reliefs.

The north part of the temple includes the Terrace of the Elephants. Its name is based on elephant carvings. The place used to be a great spot for watching royal ceremonies or parades.

Nearby you will find the Terrace of the Leper King filled with interesting carvings.

Some other parts of the complex to visit are The Bayon Gallery, Baphuon Temple (dedicated to the god Shiva), Preah Ngok Pagoda (contemporary religious practices), and Phimeanakas (offers a great view of Angkor Thom).

Ta Prohm

The temple was built in the 12th century and it served as a Buddhist monastery and university. What makes this place distinct from the other temples is its integration with the surroundings – the jungle with giant tree roots that grow around the place.

The place is part of the Angkor Archaeological Park, 7 km northeast of Angkor Wat.

The heart of Ta Prohm is the central sanctuary. Its main tower is dedicated to the Prajnaparamita deity from Mahayana Buddhism.

The place gained more international recognition when it became the filming location for the Lara Croft: Tomb Raider movie.

Preah Vihear Temple

On the border between Cambodia and Thailand at the top of the Dangrek Mountains, you will find this immense site. Its origins date back to the 9th century, but during that time it underwent many changes and restorations. Nowadays it is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

You can reach the place from the town of Sra Em. From there you can either hire a taxi or a local guide. Before you embark on your journey don’t forget to check travel regulations, and conditions for border crossing, including current political relations since there have been territorial disputes between Cambodia and Thailand before.

When entering the place you can expect great panoramic views, astonishing architecture (especially the impressive entrance pavilions or “gopuras”), many galleries, libraries, sanctuaries, and terraces.

Banteay Srei

Located in the already mentioned Angkor Archeological Park, is often called the “Citadel of Women”. Built-in the 10th century for the god Shiva.

Its main distinctive feature lies in very small and detailed carvings on red sandstone. The temple is not as big as other ones, but still well-organized. It has a central sanctuary with Shiva lingam, libraries, and two walls. The place is in general very quiet and relaxed with not many crowds. It also offers to see colorful butterflies in a natural setting (Banteay Srei Butterfly Center).

You can buy an Angkor Pass for 1 (US$ 37),3 (US$ 62), and 7 (US$ 72) day visits and it will include Banteay Srei too. The 3-day pass is valid for 10 days from the issue date, the 7-day for 1 month. Opening hours are from 7.30 am to 5.30 pm, but some temples (Angkor Wat, Srah Srang, Phnom Bakheng, Pre Rup) can be visited sooner from 5 am.

Banteay Chhmar

The temple was built in late 12^th to early 13^th century. Its name translates as the “Citadel of the Cat.” The place is remote, so don’t expect big crowds. The entrance fee is US$5, and children under 12 have free entry.

It is located in the Banteay Meanchey Province that can be reached from Siem Reap by tuk-tuk, or taxi in about 3-4 hours. The more budget-friendly option is to take the bus from Siem Reap to Sisophon and from there hire a local driver. It is also possible to book a room in a guesthouse or small hotel in case you would like to spend more time in the place. The electricity is available only from 18.00 to 23.00.

The temple complex consists of the central temple, and many satellite temples, galleries, and libraries. On the walls, you will find many carvings and bar-reliefs similar to those in other Khmer temples.

You can also book a tour with English speaking guide, or an Ox-cart Tour – 1 hour long tour that stops at various sites around Banteay Chhmar.

Phnom Kulen

This place which is sometimes called Mount Kulen covers approximately 50 km north of Siem Reap. The name translates as “Mountain of Lychees” due to the many lychee trees grown in the area. It is probably also the birthplace of the Khmer Empire.

You can take a taxi, or tuk-tuk to reach the place in about 1-2 hours. Be aware that the place is not free, you have to pay US$20.

Important stops to check: Kbal Spean (riverbed carvings), reclining Buddha, waterfalls, jungle and wildlife, and some other temples like Preah Ang Thom, and Preah Ang Kulen.

Tonle Sap Lake

The UNESCO Biosphere Reserve is in the form of the largest freshwater lake in Southeast Asia. You can reach it from Siem Reap, or even the capital Phnom Pench, by boat. Another option is to try a car or motorbike.

The place consists of floating villages like Kompong Khleang, Kampong Phluk, and Chong Khneas among others. You have the chance to join the locals in their everyday lives and learn about their unique way of living. Besides floating villages, and floating markets, there are floating forests too.

Changing weather conditions during the wet season make the place swell in size, while during the dry season, it shrinks. This earned it the nickname “The Beating Heart of Cambodia.” Wildlife lovers will enjoy local biodiversity and engage in bird-watching activities. Some of the rare bird species you can spot include endangered masked finfoot.

Silver Pagoda

A prominent Buddhist temple in the capital city of Cambodia. Even today it remains an active place of worship. It is easily accessible by car, taxi, or by foot.

The place treasures the famous Emerald Buddha statue with 9500 diamonds and gemstones. Another fancy feature is the silver floor – each tile weighs around 1.125 kg each.

The scenes of Hindu mythology and Cambodian history are present in the form of murals and frescoes inside the temples. Other interesting artifacts inside the complex include Buddha images usually made of gold or some other precious materials. The place is also part of the larger Royal Palace complex with several buildings, and throne halls.

Killing Fields of Choeung Ek

Memorial place of the Khmer Rouge brutal regime in the late 1970s. During those years many killings and atrocities happened there and resulted in the deaths of approximately 1.7 million people through execution, forced labor, and famine.

You can reach the place from Phnom Penh by taxi, or tuk-tuk car, or just join a guided tour. In case you want more detailed information and insight opt for an audio tour at the entrance.

Important stops include the Memorial Stupa monument, mass graves, killing fields history, museum, and exhibits. Choeung Ek Genocidal Center is open daily from 7.30 a.m. to 5.30 p.m. The entrance fee is US$6.

Where to stay

Siem Reap (Angkor Wat and Banteay Srei)

Budget-Friendly

The Dancing Frog Hostel offers affordable dormitory and private rooms, and it’s known for its friendly atmosphere and social events.

Mid-Range

Central Corner d’Angkor is a comfortable boutique hotel with stylish rooms, a swimming pool, and a convenient location in Siem Reap.

Luxurious

Sokkhak Boutique Resort provides elegant rooms, a beautiful garden, and a serene atmosphere, allowing you to unwind after a day of exploring the temples.

Phnom Penh (Killing Fields of Choeung Ek and Silver Pagoda)

Budget-Friendly

Onederz Cambodia is a hostel with modern amenities, affordable private rooms, and dormitories. It’s conveniently located in Phnom Penh’s city center.

Mid-Range

Villa Langka Boutique Hotel is a boutique hotel with well-appointed rooms, a tranquil pool, and a serene garden in the heart of the city.

Luxurious

Raffles Hotel Le Royal is a five-star luxury hotel with a rich history, elegant colonial-style rooms, beautiful gardens, and exceptional dining options.

Phnom Kulen

Budget-Friendly to Mid-Range

Various Guesthouses in Siem Reap: Since Phnom Kulen is a remote area, you can stay in Siem Reap, which offers a wide range of accommodations to suit different budgets. Consider guesthouses like The Rose Apple Guesthouse or Landing Zone Guesthouse for budget-friendly options.

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